What is Spironolactone?
Spironolactone is a prescription drug in a group of medications called aldosterone receptor antagonists or potassium-sparing diuretics. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the drug in 1960 [1]. These types of drugs help counter the sodium-retaining effects of the hormone aldosterone. Water retention is one symptom of excess aldosterone. Spironolactone prevents this retention by blocking aldosterone. As a result, water and sodium are excreted through urine, while reducing the loss of potassium [2]
What does Spironolactone do?
Spironolactone is prescribed to treat heart failure and oedema relating to heart failure, liver or kidney disease, as well as high blood pressure, to inhibit low levels of potassium and to lower levels relating to hyperaldosteronism (a condition induced via too-high levels of secretion of the hormone aldosterone) [1, 2].
Besides working as a diuretic, spironolactone also blocks androgen receptors and therefore reduces the activity of testosterone in the body. This dual effect means that when used as an anti-androgen it can be represented even when metabolised by the liver, without getting to its target of the androgen receptors, and it can be used off-label to treat conditions where androgens (i.e., testosterone) are too high, such as acne, excessive facial and/or body hair growth on women (hirsutism), female baldness and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). [1]
Spironolactone serves a role in the treatment of several dermatologic disorders including, acne, hidradenitis suppurativa, female pattern androgenetic alopecia and hirsutism [3, 4].
Dietary restrictions and Spironolactone
When taking Spironolactone, routine dietary management under the supervision of a doctor is expected, such as a reduced-salt (sodium) diet and a regular exercise programme [2].
Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic, meaning it helps your body get rid of excess water without depleting potassium levels. Therefore, while taking this medication, you should avoid potassium-containing salt substitutes [2].
Foods to avoid when taking Spironolactone
- Bananas [2]
- Apples[2]
- Raisins [2]
- Oranges [2]
- Prunes [2]
- Avocados [5]
- Spinach [5]
- Kale [5]
- Carrots [5]
- Potatoes [5]
- Dairy products [5]
It is crucial to comprehend that potassium-rich foods should be limited when taking Spironolactone [2].
It's also worth noting that the absorption of Spironolactone is improved when taken with food, which can enhance its bioavailability by increasing absorption and decreasing the first-pass effect of the drug [6].
However, each individual's dietary needs may vary, so it's crucial to consult with your healthcare provider for personalized advice.