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Differences Between Multiple Sclerosis and Atherosclerosis

In this article, we will compare two diseases which on the first sound, may appear to be similar: Multiple sclerosis and Atherosclerosis. These two diseases, target different areas of the body and have distinct characteristics. So let’s look at the differences together.

Frederika Malichová

Author - Frederika Malichová

Neuroscientist at the University Of Cambridge.

Frederika used MediSearch to find sources for this blog.
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Differences Between Multiple Sclerosis and Atherosclerosis

Although the name might look similar, Multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis are two distinct diseases. Both multiple sclerosis and atherosclerosis are diseases of the body’s systems. However, they differ in multiple areas, including pathology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, and treatment.

What is multiple sclerosis?

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a long-term inflammatory disease [1].

MS affects the central nervous system (CNS), where individuals experience lesions caused by autoimmune inflammation, resulting in damage to the myelin sheath and axons [2]. This damage leads to adverse physical or cognitive disabilities and neurological defects [1].

Interestingly, all structures of the CNS may be affected, though the longest tracts are affected most often [2].

There are four types of MS, and the course of the disease can be relapsing-remitting or primary and secondary progressive type [2].

MS is a multifactorial disease potentially caused by genetic predisposition and environmental factors such as vitamin deficiencies, smoking, and exposure to infectious agents [3].

Did you know that MS is the second most common cause of disability in adults in the US after head trauma? [3].

What is atherosclerosis?

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by the buildup of plaque inside the large and medium arteries [4, 5].

The plaques are slowly built up, usually composed of fat, cholesterol, calcium, minerals, and other substances found in the blood [6]. They evolve and form atheromatous plaques [7, 8]. As the plaques grow and harden, they narrow the arteries and limit the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the body [6].

With disease progression, the plaques can rupture, trigger thrombosis, or lead to serious conditions such as unstable angina, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or even sudden death [4, 9].

The disease is a result of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental risk factors, including dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and smoking [4].

What Is The Treatment For Multiple Sclerosis and Atherosclerosis ?

MS

The treatment for MS usually includes disease modification. This is done using immunomodulatory drugs or anti-inflammatory drugs. However, these treatments can't stop the destruction of the myelin sheath and ultimately the nerve tissue.

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