What can cause red spots on gums?
Among the common causes for red spots on gums are:
Gingivitis is an inflammation of the gum that is produced typically by bacteria. It leads to local gum bleeding, redness, and swollen gums [1, 4].
Periodontitis is a disease that causes swollen, dark, or bright red gums that bleed easily [2].
Many kinds of infection can present as red spots on gums. They can be bacterial, fungal, or viral. Among the viruses that can cause red spots are herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 and varicella-zoster [3].
One way a localized trauma to the mouth can be exhibited is through red spots on the gums. The trauma can be thermal or mechanical, which leads to this symptom [3].
Also, some less common conditions can lead to red spots on gums, such as chronic inflammatory dermatological disease [5].
Red spots on gums can also be associated with oral cancer. They occur with other symptoms like open sores in the mouth, swelling, and bleeding [6].
In some cases, women with strong hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle can make any small inflammation on the gum more pronounced. The exacerbation can take the form of red spots on gums [7].
Should I see a dentist when having red spots on my gums?
You should see a dentist when you notice red spots on your gums. The red spots may be just a small transient infection or inflammation, but they can also be a symptom of conditions like gingivitis or periodontitis [1, 2].
When untreated, both disorders can lead to complications such as tooth loss. Therefore, it is crucial to treat them in the early stages [1, 2].
Moreover, red spots on gums can also indicate a cancerous process in the mouth [6]. Thus, waiting too long for consultation with a dentist or doctor can increase the chance of complications.
How can I treat red spots on gums?
The treatment of red spots on gums depends on the problem causing them. In the case of simple gingivitis, a helpful step is hydrogen peroxide moth rising. It disinfects the mouth and promotes gum healing [8].
If the cause of the red spots on gums is bacterial, it is necessary to consult a healthcare professional, as prescribed medication like antibiotics may be necessary. However, to reduce pain and fever, you may use over-the-counter drugs [9], like paracetamol.
Fungal infection that can also cause red spots on gums are typically treated with antifungal medications [10].
Sometimes, red spots on gums must be treated with corticosteroids. These inflammation-reducing drugs can also be used in some dermatological conditions, such as lichen planus [10].
What can be the complications of red spots on gums when left untreated?
Red spots on gums can have many complications, depending on the cause. A common complication of untreated infections on gums is the development of periodontal pockets, which is especially characteristic of bacterial infections [11].
The pathogens fill the pockets around the teeth, leading to swelling, redness, pain, and sometimes pus discharge. Untreated, periodontal pockets can result in gum receding, teeth loss, bone infection, and bone loss [11]
A complication of untreated gingivitis is its progression into periodontitis, which is more dangerous. It affects deeper tissues and can result in complications like tooth instability and loss [1, 12].
In some cases, gingivitis can progress to a condition called necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. This is a type of gum inflammation that leads to ulcers and necrosis of the gum tissue [4].
Another complication of untreated red spots of gums can be the creation of dental abscesses. It is an additional space in the gum created by bacteria. Its development may force a tooth extraction, as it can lead to systemic symptoms and sepsis [13].