Overview: What Are Ibuprofen and Metformin?
Ibuprofen
Ibuprofen is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) widely used to relieve fever and mild to severe pain [1]. It blocks prostaglandin, a natural compound that sends pain signals [1]. Ibuprofen is also a potential inhibitor for cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and COX-2) [2].
Ibuprofen is commonly used to treat conditions such as headaches, menstrual cramps, arthritis, muscle aches, and dental pain [1]. It also treats inflammation, pain, and stiffness in joint conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, and primary dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual periods) [3].
Metformin
Metformin is a widely used drug primarily prescribed to manage type 2 diabetes. It has been in practical use for over six decades and continues to be the preferred drug for newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus [4, 5]. Metformin reduces glucose production in the liver, decreases insulin resistance, and increases insulin sensitivity, thereby effectively lowering blood glucose levels [6, 7].
Beyond its primary use in managing type 2 diabetes, Metformin has been found to have several other clinical applications. It is used in the treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome and gestational diabetes and as an adjunct therapy in type 1 diabetes. It is also used in prediabetes to prevent the progression to type 2 diabetes [8].
Besides these established uses, ongoing research is exploring the potential of metformin in preventing various diseases. These include cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease. Metformin is also being investigated for its potential in promoting healthy ageing [8].
However, it's important to note that while metformin has shown potential in treating various conditions, more extensive research is needed to confirm these additional benefits [9].
Can you take Ibuprofen with Metformin?
The interaction between ibuprofen and metformin is a topic of interest in the medical community. According to a 2017 study, metformin may interact synergistically with ibuprofen. This means that lower doses of ibuprofen might be sufficient for pain relief in individuals already taking metformin [10].
However, it's important to note that these findings were based on animal studies, and more research is needed to confirm these results in humans [11]. Another factor to consider is kidney health. Long-term use or high doses of ibuprofen can cause kidney damage. If you have diabetes and kidney disease, your doctor may advise against taking ibuprofen [11].
In conclusion, while some studies suggest a potential beneficial interaction between metformin and ibuprofen, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional before combining these medications due to possible risks, especially if you have kidney disease or are at risk of hypoglycemia.
Metformin Side Effects
Metformin can cause digestive disorders such as diarrhoea and vomiting in around 30% of patients [12]. Other common side effects include:
- heartburn,
- stomach pain,
- bloating,
- gas,
- constipation,
- weight loss,
- and a metallic taste in the mouth [13].
In some cases, metformin can lead to poor absorption of vitamin B12, potentially resulting in a vitamin B12 deficiency after long-term use [14]. A rare but severe side effect of metformin is lactic acidosis, a life-threatening condition characterised by a buildup of lactic acid in the blood. This condition is more common in people with kidney disease [14].
Ibuprofen Side Effects
Ibuprofen, an anti-inflammatory medication, can cause side effects such as:
- stomach pain,
- heartburn,
- constipation,
- diarrhoea,
- nausea,
- vomiting,
- and gas.
These side effects are often mild and temporary [11]. However, more severe side effects can occur, including increased blood pressure, dehydration, dizziness, decreased urination, fluid buildup or swelling, ulcers, bleeding in the stomach or intestines, and allergic reactions to the medication [11]. Long-term use or high doses of ibuprofen can lead to kidney damage, particularly in individuals with diabetes [11].