What is Eczema?
Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can affect people of all ages, but it's most common in children. It's characterised by dry, itchy skin and rashes, typically on the face, inside the elbows, behind the knees, and on the hands and feet.
When scratched, the skin can become red, swollen, and even more itchy [1]. Eczema is not contagious but tends to run in families and is often associated with other allergic conditions like hay fever and asthma [2, 3].
Causes of Eczema
The exact cause of eczema is not entirely known, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Individuals with eczema may have a mutation in the FLG gene, which encodes the protein filaggrin. Filaggrin plays a role in forming a protective barrier on the skin. Without this barrier, the skin can become dry and more susceptible to infections [4].
Environmental triggers, also called flare factors, can initiate or worsen eczema. These triggers include allergens such as pollen, mould, dust, pet dander and irritants like certain soaps, fabrics, and chemicals. Stress, temperature fluctuations, and certain foods can also trigger eczema [2, 3].
In some instances, eczema may be associated with an overactive immune system. The immune system may overreact to a substance inside or outside the body, causing inflammation and resulting in eczema symptoms [3, 4].
Mupirocin ointment for Eczema?
Mupirocin is a topical antibiotic, that is effective in treating secondarily infected eczema. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein and RNA synthesis, which helps to kill the bacteria causing the infection [5, 6].
A study comparing the efficacy of mupirocin cream and oral cephalexin in treating secondarily infected eczema found that mupirocin was as effective clinically and superior bacteriologically. The study also found that mupirocin cream was as well tolerated as oral cephalexin.
However, it's important to note that while mupirocin can effectively treat eczema that has become infected, it does not treat the underlying cause. It's also worth noting that while mupirocin is generally well-tolerated, some patients may experience side effects such as burning, itching, and reddening [7].
Potential side effects of Mupirocin oinment
Mupirocin ointment, a topical antibacterial medication, can cause various side effects.
Common side effects: A local reaction at the application site is one of the most common side effects. This can include symptoms such as burning, stinging, pain, itching, rash, redness, dryness, tenderness, or swelling of the treated skin [8, 9, 10, 11].
Nausea is another common side effect that some people may experience when using mupirocin ointment [10]. In some cases, the ointment can also cause increased oozing at the infection site [10].
Severe side effects: These can include severe stomach pain and diarrhoea that is watery or bloody. This could be due to an infection caused by the bacteria Clostridium difficile [10, 11].
Severe itching, rash, or other irritation of treated skin can also occur. Occasionally, unusual skin blistering or peeling may be observed [11]. Signs of a new skin infection are also a severe side effect that requires immediate medical attention [11].
In rare cases, mupirocin ointment can cause serious allergic reactions. Symptoms can include hives, dizziness, fast or pounding heartbeats, wheezing, difficulty breathing, and swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat [6, 11].
When mupirocin is applied to the conjunctiva or nasal mucosa, local irritation and unpleasant taste and smell have been reported [8]. Other rare side effects include a bloody nose and abdominal or stomach tenderness [12].
It's important to note that this is not a complete list of side effects, and other problems may occur. Discuss possible side effects with a healthcare professional who knows your medical history.
Others remedies for Eczema
Eczema can be managed using a variety of remedies. While medical treatments are often necessary, several other remedies can help soothe symptoms and prevent flare-ups.
Applying cold compresses or ice packs to the affected areas can temporarily relieve itching and soothe the skin [13]. This simple remedy can be easily incorporated into your daily routine and immediately relieve discomfort.
Natural oils, such as cold-pressed coconut oil, can also be beneficial. Applying these oils to the skin after bathing can help lock in moisture and reduce itching [13]. These oils are generally safe for most people and can be part of a daily skincare routine.
Colloidal oatmeal is a natural remedy to help soothe itching and irritation caused by eczema. It can be added to bathwater or mixed with water to form a paste, which can then be applied to the affected areas. [13]. This remedy is widely available and can be used as often as needed.
Stress management techniques, like relaxation exercises, can also be helpful. Since stress can worsen eczema symptoms, incorporating these techniques into your daily routine may assist in better managing the condition. [13].
Avoiding triggers, such as scented soaps and detergents, can also help reduce symptoms of eczema [14]. It's essential to identify and avoid anything that may irritate or dry your skin and cause a flare, including certain foods linked to eczema, like milk, eggs, wheat, peanuts, and soy [14].
Some studies have also shown that specific herbal remedies, such as Indian pennywort, Walnut, and Turmeric, can effectively treat eczema [15]. However, these should be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.